技術文章
全質(zhì)構分析(TPA)的概述
閱讀:3885 發(fā)布時間:2017-12-181. 全質(zhì)構分析的介紹
全質(zhì)構分析(TPA)通常是對樣品進行兩次壓縮,來測定食品的質(zhì)構特性。它也可以應用于其他領域,包括藥物、膠體和個人護理品等。在TPA分析中,樣品被質(zhì)構儀探頭兩次擠壓來探究樣品被咀嚼時的變化。所以TPA測試也經(jīng)常被叫做“兩次咬合測試”,因為質(zhì)構儀的TPA分析主要是模擬人嘴巴的咬合動作。
任何食品的質(zhì)構都是多方面的,而且和消費者的感官期望相。如果消費者不喜歡這種食品,僅僅用硬度和彈性來描述這種食品是不夠的,它也不能滿足人們對某種食品類型的期望和整體印象描述。TPA分析方法的優(yōu)點在于它能夠在一次實驗過程中將多種質(zhì)構參數(shù)定量出來。
2. 全質(zhì)構分析的由來
zui開始的TPA方法和參數(shù)設定是由一個食品科學家(Dr. Alina Surmacka Szczesniak)在19世紀60年代早期提出。Dr. Szczesniak早期的研究主要集中于理解消費者在品嘗一系列食品之后感受到的質(zhì)構特性,并將這些感覺進行分類成能夠客觀定量的模量。盡管感官質(zhì)構評價非常理想,但是非常浪費時間,而且成本也非常昂貴。所以一個儀器分析方法就顯得非常必要了。所以,Dr. Szczesniak團隊研發(fā)出了*臺儀器,名字叫General Foods Texturometer。
3. TPA參數(shù)如何計算?
參數(shù) | 定義 | 計算 | |
Hardness (硬度) | The maximum force of the 1st compression. | Same | |
Fracturability(脆性) | The force at the first peak | Peak Force at F1 | |
Cohesiveness(內(nèi)聚性) | The area of work during the second compression divided by the area of work during the first compression. | Area 2/Area 1 | |
Springiness (彈性) | Springiness is now expressed as a ratio or percentage of a product's original height. Springiness is measured several ways, but most typically, by the distance of the detected height during the second compression divided by the original compression distance. | Distance 2 / Distance 1 | |
Gumminess (膠著性) | Gumminess is mutually exclusive with Chewiness since a product would not be both a semi-solid and a solid at the same time. | Hardness * (Area 2/Area 1) | Hardness x Cohesiveness |
Gumminess applies only to semi-solid products and is Hardness * Cohesiveness (which is Area 2/Area 1). | |||
Chewiness (咀嚼性) | Gumminess * Distance 2 / Distance 1 | Hardness x Cohesiveness x Springiness | |
Chewiness applies only to solid products and is calculated as Gumminess * Springiness (which is Distance2/Distance1). | |||
Resilience (回復性) | It is calculated by dividing the upstroke energy of the first compression by the downstroke energy of the first compression. | Area 4/Area 3 |
4. 典型的TPA曲線
(1)小麥面包TPA曲線
(2)熱狗TPA曲線
(3)切達奶酪TPA曲線
(4)擠壓制品TPA曲線
(5)生面團TPA曲線
(6)意大利面TPA曲線
(7)凝膠TPA曲線